There are 9 main planets and countless comets and meteorites orbiting our Sun - all of which have some degree of influence on the ultimate destiny of the Earth. Recently, Pluto has been reclassified as a 'dwarf planet' , rather than a planet. Since 1992, planets have been found to be orbiting stars outside of our Solar System, and as of December 2011 over 700 such 'exoplanets' have been documented.
The Solar System:
Evolution of Our Solar System Solar System geneology revealed by meteorites
Exploding star missing from formation of Solar System
Solar system's birth record revised How old are the first planets?
New clues to the earlier Solar System from ancient meteorites Two Solar System puzzles solved
Bern computer simulation helps to better understand the origin of our solar system
Understanding the turbulence of gases in planet-forming protoplanetary disks
Lunar And Planetary Institute Planetary Science Websites JPL Solar System Dynamics
Portal to the Heritage of Astronomy Naming of Astronomical Objects
NASA's Planetary Fact Sheets NASA's Planets Solar System's shield may be leaking
US planetary sciences to focus on smaller missions, research, and technology development
Planetary Images Google's collection of images from Planetary Science
Nick Strobel's Planetary Tables Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes
Planetary Science Research Discoveries MIT's Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences
High Planetary Tilt Lowers Odds for Life? Solar System Ice: Source of Earth's Water?
NASA denies report that Voyager left solar system
Mercury:
A new look at the planet Mercury Mercury's surprising core and landscape curiosities
MESSENGER team presents new Mercury findings at Planetary Conference
Scientists discover water ice on Mercury
Venus:
Venus Weather Not Boring After All Surprises in the south polar vortex in the atmosphere of Venus
Space weather: explosions on Venus A magnetic surprise for Venus
Venus Express website Venus Express unearths new clues to the planet's geological history
The mysterious arc of Venus The transit of Venus A curious cold layer in the atmosphere of Venus
A new episode of active volcanism on Venus?
Earth's Moon:
A new view of an ancient habitable planet
New research eclipses existing theories on the Moon formation
The Moon was created in giant smashup Titanium paternity test fingers Earth as Moon's sole parent
Pre-existing mineralogy may survive lunar impacts
Lunar impacts created seas of molten rock GRAIL creates most accurate Moon gravity map
An impactor origin for lunar magnetic anomalies NLSI scientists shed light on Moon's impact history
Evolution of the Moon Water on Moon, Earth came from same primitive meteorites
Earth's other moons
NASA Puts Earth's Nearest Neighbor, 'The Moon', Within Reach A narrated tour of the Moon
Earth's Moon (University of Arizona) Looking at the Man in the Moon Our Super Moon
X-rays illuminate the interior of the Moon NASA spacecraft reveals recent geological activity on the Moon
Solar Storms Could 'Sandblast' the Moon Cosmic rays alter chemistry of lunar ice
Researchers estimate ice content of crater at Moon's South Pole
Solar wind particles likely source of water locked inside lunar soils
LRO spectrometer detects helium in Moon's atmoshere
Mars:
.... and now, for the weather on Mars
MAVEN NASA/JPL Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter website
Collision course? - A comet heads for Mars Remaining MARS atmosphere still dynamic
Martian History: finding a common denominator with Earth's The changing face of Mars
Mars Rover providing new weather and radiation data about Mars Mapping Mars
New views of the Martian ionosphere Comparison of Mars and Earth
Liquid water flowing above and below frozen Alaskan sand dunes, hints of wetter Mars
Fossilized conduits suggest water flowed beneath Mars surface
Reull Vallis: a river ran through it Image gallery from Mars Various images from Mars Express
Tracing the Canals of Mars The meandering channels of Mars Mars was wet, but was it warm?
Extensive water in Mars interior Plate tectonics discovered on Mars 'Dry Ice' snow fall on Mars
Out of Thin Martian Air Did ancient Mars have a runaway greenhouse? Methane debate splits Mars community
Organic carbon from Mars, but not biological NASA shows existence of reduced carbon on Mars
ESA orbiter discovers water supersaturation in the Martian atmosphere
An infographic of all the missions from Earth to Mars, and where they wound up
The serpent dust devils of Mars 12-mile high 'Dust Devil' caught in the act
Mars rocks indicate relatively recent quakes, volcanism
Grad student discovers new form of lava flow on Mars Changing Martian sand dunes
The dark side of Mars: study reveals weathered glass deposits
Influence of early plate tectonics on the thermal evolution of and magnetic field of Mars
Science of global climate modeling confirmed by discoveries on Mars
Jupiter and its moons:
Modeling Jupiter and Saturn's possible origins
Herschel links water in Jupiter's stratosphere to 1994 comet impact
Where are the best windows into Europa's interior
Turmoil from below, battering from above 65 amazing Galileo facts
Io Io's magma ocean provides a view into Earth's past Geologic map of Io
Io's volcanoes are in the wrong place!
Europa Europa Helps Astronomers Penetrate Jupiter’s Lost Belt
Ganymede
Saturn and its moons:
Aurora saturnalis: halos at the poles of the ringed planet A splendor seldom seen
Saturn's youthful experience explained Telling the time on Saturn
Blame it on the rain from Saturn's rings Cassini observes meteors colliiding with Saturn's rings
Cassini sees objects blazing trails in Saturn ring Cassini shows why jet streams cross-cut Saturn
Churning Psychedelia Giant impact scenario may explain the unusual moons of Saturn
Titan The lakes and storms of Titan River networks on Titan point to a puzzling geological history
Saturn and its largest moon reflect its true colors Titan shows surprising seasonal changes
Piecing together a global colour map of Saturn’s largest moon What's baking on Titan?
New Computer Model Explains Lakes and Storms on Titan Titan's tides point to hidden ocean
Cassini shots of Satuurn's moons About Saturn and its moons
Saturn's Moon Enceladus Spreads its Influence
Uranus:
Uranus and Neptune ejected in wide binary star study
Series of bumps sent Uranus into its sideways spin
Neptune:
The curious aftermath of Neptune’s discovery
Does Triton have a subsurface ocean?
Kuiper Belt:
Wikipedia description New Horizons Kuiper Belt Fly-through Extending our horizons
The Kuiper Belt at 20 years: paradigm changes in our knowledge of the Solar System
Dwarf planet Makemake has no atmosphere Is the Pluto System dangerous?
Pluto and its moons:
Visit to Pluto At Pluto, moon and debris may be hazardous to New Horizons
Pluto and the developing landscape of our Solar System
Hubble discovers a fifth moon orbiting Pluto